What is phishing in the context of cyber security?

Phishing in the context of cyber security refers to a cyber attack that utilizes deceitful tactics to manipulate individuals into divulging sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, or credit card details. This is typically accomplished via deceptive emails, messages, or websites that appear legitimate, thus tricking users into providing their personal information under false pretenses.

The nature of phishing lies in its reliance on human psychology, exploiting trust and urgency to prompt individuals to act quickly without adequately reflecting on the legitimacy of the request. By understanding phishing, individuals and organizations can better identify potential threats and develop more robust security protocols to mitigate the risk of such attacks.

In contrast, the other options describe different aspects of cybersecurity but do not accurately define phishing. For example, methods of encrypting sensitive data are significant for protecting information but are unrelated to deceptive requests for information. Similarly, malware refers to software designed to cause harm or exploit systems, which is also not synonymous with phishing attacks. Lastly, legal requirements for data protection pertain to compliance and regulations rather than the act of deception involved in phishing attempts.