What does "least privilege" mean in IT security?

The principle of "least privilege" in IT security refers to the practice of granting users the minimum level of access necessary to perform their job functions effectively. This approach helps to minimize the potential for accidental or malicious data breaches by limiting the exposure of sensitive information and restricting user actions that could lead to security vulnerabilities.

By ensuring that users have only the access vital for their specific roles, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access to confidential data and critical systems. This practice not only enhances security but also aids in compliance with regulatory requirements related to data privacy and protection.

While other choices may touch on access and permissions, they do not embody the essence of the least privilege principle. For example, full access for users undermines security by potentially exposing systems to higher risks, shared access can lead to accountability issues, and enhancing user permissions runs contrary to the core goal of minimizing access. Thus, the practice of restricting user access to only what is necessary directly aligns with the intent of least privilege, making it the accurate choice.